Використання сучасних технологій для підвищення ефективності розпланувальних робіт

Abstract

Дисертація присвячена розробленню методів комплексного використання сучасних технологій - RTN методу та електронних тахеометрів, для підвищення ефективності винесення в натуру осей споруд та науковому обґрунтуванню можливості виконання розпланувальних робіт GNSS методами із забезпеченням необхідної нормативної точності. На підставі детального аналізу проведених досліджень RTN методу встановлено, що точність визначення довжин ліній мінімум в два рази вища, ніж заявлена компанією System Solutions точність позиціонування в режимі реального часу. На основі методу математичного планування експерименту отримано регресійні рівняння впливу технологічних параметрів на точність процесу побудови векторів RTN методом. Розроблено алгоритми та програмне забезпечення трансформування координат з системи координат генплану в Державну геодезичну систему координат, з мінімізацією впливу випадкових похибок RTN рішень та можливістю відбракування можливих грубих похибок в координатах пунктів геодезичної основи, особливо червоних ліній забудови. Технологічні рішення та алгоритми трансформування були апробовані під час геодезичного супроводу будівництва комплексу споруд об’єднаних одним технологічним циклом та на експериментальному полігоні. Диссертация посвящена разработке методов комплексного использования современных технологий - RTN метода и электронных тахеометров, для повышения эффективности вынесения в натуру осей сооружений и научному обоснованию возможности выполнения разбивочных работ GNSS методами с обеспечением необходимой нормативной точности. На основании метода математического планирования эксперимента получены регрессионные уравнения влияния технологических параметров на точность процесса построения векторов RTN методом. Разработаны алгоритмы и программное обеспечение трансформации координат из системы координат генплана в Государственную геодезическую систему координат, с минимизацией влияния случайных погрешностей RTN решений и возможностью отбраковки возможных грубых ошибок в координатах пунктов геодезической основы, особенно красных линий застройки. Технологические решения и алгоритмы трансформации были апробированы в ходе геодезического сопровождения строительства комплекса сооружений объединенных одним технологическим циклом и на экспериментальном полигоне. The thesis is devoted to development of modern technologies of complex method applications – the RTN method and electronic tachometers in order to increase efficiency of plotting of construction axes and to a scientific substantiation of the GNSS method application for plotting work providing with necessary regulated accuracy. Ensuring the necessary accuracy of performing survey and placement engineering and geodetic works for construction is a responsible and time-consuming process. In view of the high rates of development of cities, there is a need to improve existing and develop new methods of geodetic support for construction, which will meet the regulatory requirements of accuracy and high rates of construction. An alternative to existing methods is the use of electronic robotic tachymeters, and satellite-based geodetic receivers (GNSS) (Global Navigation Satellite Systems), which lack a number of deficiencies of traditional methods. Perspective, in our opinion, when creating an external geodetic marker network construction site is the use of Real Time Networks (RTN) measurements (using the networks of reference stations), which are not even mentioned in the most up-to-date current regulatory documents, although the benefits of the RTN method (measurements can be perform one receiver, get results without working in almost in seconds, etc.) are obvious. There is a large number of research papers devoted to measuring in RTN mode, the main purpose of which is to determine the accuracy of points coordinates and the impact on it of natural and mechanical factors. However, the problems associated with the precision of GNSS-based measurements of line lengths and angles that determine the possibility of their use in marking and planning engineering and geodetic works are not yet fully resolved. Classically, the accuracy of the definition of distances is taken in √2 less accurate than the coordinates on which they were determined, but using GNSS observations is not. Since the distances and angles are tensor quantities, the influence of systematic errors associated with the transformation of coordinate systems is considerably relaxed on them. If one GNSS receiver determines the coordinates of two points for a relatively short period of time, then the determination of the vector parameters that these points determine, the effect of the errors caused by atmospheric and ionospheric delays and errors in the displacement of the satellite and receiver hours will be significantly reduced by compensating for their systematic component. Due to the influence of various factors and when planning works there is a series of errors in the coordinates of points, which are usually grouped as follows: systematic and random. When working with the GNSS receiver, you can also highlight a number of errors, the characteristic feature of which is the ability to play (repeat after a certain period of time). A detailed analysis of the RTN-method has made possible to conclude that accuracy of line length determining is at least twice higher than the accuracy of real-time positioning declared by System Solutions. It has been stated that the physical and geographical characteristics of an operational site in compliance with the same technological parameters have little effect on the construction accuracy related to short vectors at distances up to 200 m). Based on the method of mathematical planning of the experiment, there have been obtained regressive relations of vector accuracy developed by the RTN method refer to technological parameters. The obtained relation was experimentally proven by studies carried out in a year after the initial ones. The analysis of the obtained mathematical model of technological parameter influence on accuracy of vectors developed by the RTN method showed that the following parameters have the greatest influence on the accuracy of planned plotting works: number of satellites observed by the receiver, HRMS, and HDOP. There have been specified the optimal ranges of the following technological parameters: the number of satellites, epochs of measurements and HRMS in order to provide the necessary accuracy of plotting in the 10-kilometer zone over the reference station. Algorithms and software for master plan coordinate system to the State Geodetic Coordinate System coordinate transformation have been developed with minimization of random error impact in RTN solutions and possible gross error rejection of coordinates from geodetic bases, especially building restriction line. There have been developed practical recommendations for geodetic plotting base on a construction site to provide the necessary planned accuracy in accordance with the current regulations and significantly simplify geodetic works on construction sites. There have been developed theoretical and experimental substantiation of coordinate transformation method for plotting points by GNSS methods in georeferencing system with topocentric rectangular coordinates. Technological solutions and transformation algorithms were tested during the geodetic support of the construction of buildings united by one technological cycle and the same experimental site.