Деструктивні та позитивні перспективи популярного образу ідеального міського житла

Abstract

Розкрито проблему деструктивного потенціалу популярних уявлень про ідеал міського помешкання та розглянуто можливість його позитивної реалізації у формі мікроландшафтної житлової будівлі підвищеної поверховості. Urban history since the Industrial Revolution and the growth of urban population is actually a history of attempts to reconcile two conflicting principles: social attractiveness of a high people concentration in one place and personal desire to expand his own living space. The apparent inability to fill the entire urban fabric whith formation that meet these conditions was the cause of the social and pricing fragmentation, in which humanistic elements (recreational, green, public areas) could exist only on condition of compliance with legal prohibitions and restrictions designed to keep them from expansion commercial development. In a society with low adherence to law and therefore a violation of the prohibitions that restrict unruled development, the desire to get closer to the ideal of standard urban apartments leads to reduction of humanistic elements of urban fabric. Among the conceptual approaches dedicated to rethinking of optimal form of urban development can is the type of residential skyscraper that exists both in the traditional form of housing rise buildings, and in the form of experiments, combining it with various forms of self-sufficient vertical systems with a large number of spot planting and clusters landscaping. In the context of experiments with vertical self-sufficient landscape structures, we can talk about a new set of features that allows to start a new phase of research on sustainable urban living environment. The main starting position here are the following: a) wider demands of individualized personality to living environment (main factors here is to increase the time spent at home because of the spread of flexible mode of employment and, consequently, increasing requirements for functional and aesthetic diversity of design range premises) ; b) the social problem of isolation of the individual or family in vertical structures (main factors here is an attempt to restore traditional communal values, characteristic horizontal residential settlements and psychologically necessary for the normal individual or family); c) tendency to selfsufficient separate apartments, separated from the general urban system utilities (main factor here is the development of ecological energy sources and their adaptation to a particular individual user scale). As a result, we can talk about the actual process of rethinking the functional and spatial parameters of urban housing, and finding new ways to turn it on fabric of urban planning, the nature of which is also under changes. List of conventionally desirable characteristics of this new living environment might look like: a) creation (increase) of working space and adaptation to functional areas of the existing traditional set of rooms (eproximity to the kitchen or recreational area, distance from noise); b) increasing the co-host area for several home employed family members; c) creation of differentiated adjoining areas based on short-term and more frequent escape of nearby residents; d) expansion of individual and recreation space and zones without certain functions within a single apartment; e) development areas for individual energy systems and change of planning and spatial resolution of accommodation to the specifics of their operation. Given the above, it can be placed some of the parameters that should be inherent in high-rise residential building in conditions of Lviv region. Given the climatic conditions, which are characterized by the predominance of westerly winds and microclimate contrast between the northern and southern slopes, planning hypothesis is the formation of a stretched out along the axis of East-West structure, divided into three basic functional parts: a) living area (sleep, work , life); b) green zone (recreation, energy, leisure); c) communications area (general house-space, utilities, etc.) This structure makes expanding the traditional format of apartment components corresponding to the post-industrial way of life – adding micro-landscape zones and creating space for domestic employment. In addition, the composition and geometry of the main components corresponds to the optimal weight for this climate zone. A buffer zone protecting green residential zone of prevailing westerly winds, and the communication area separates it from the cold north. Stretched shape towards the East – West hover minimizes heating and maximizes natural insolation and heating. Further, detailed development of this structure is the subject of next investigations.