Дизайн експозицій фрагментів архітектурних пам’яток

Abstract

Дисертаційне дослідження присвячено проблемі дизайн-проектування експозицій фрагментів архітектурних пам’яток. У дослідженні синтезовано вітчизняний та закордонний досвід у дизайні експозицій фрагментів архітектурних пам’яток, визначено особливості їхньої просторової організації; розглянуто особливості застосування спеціального обладнання (експозиційне обладнання; інформаційні системи і засоби візуальної комунікації; освітлювальні системи і звук в дизайні експозицій; мультимедійні технології у дизайні експозицій). Визначено три основні способи використання дизайнерських засобів: мінімальний, оптимальний, розширений, які відрізняються набором необхідних засобів дизайну. У роботі сформульовано принципи та вимоги, вдосконалено методику проектування експозицій та виведено практичні заходи щодо дизайн-проектування експозицій фрагментів архітектурних пам’яток. Диссертационное исследование посвящено проблеме дизайн-проектирования экспозиций фрагментов архитектурных памятников. В исследовании синтезирован отечественный и зарубежный опыт в дизайне экспозиций фрагментов архитектурных памятников, определены особенности их пространственной организации; разработана классификация специального оборудования (экспозиционное оборудование, информационные системы и средства визуальной коммуникации; осветительные системы и звук в дизайне экспозиций; мультимедийные технологии в дизайне экспозиций) и сформулированы особенности их использования в проектировании экспозиций архитектурных фрагментов. Определены три основных способа использования дизайнерских средств: минимальный, оптимальный, расширенный, которые отличаются набором необходимых средств дизайна. В работе определены принципы и требования, усовершенствованы методика проектирования экспозиций и практические мероприятия по дизайн-проектированию экспозиций фрагментов архитектурных памятников. The dissertation is devoted to the problem of the designing of expositions of architectural monuments fragments. The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical and practical recommendations for the designing of expositions. For the first time complex problem of the designing of expositions is considered in this study. It is determined that there are three main ways of the designing of expositions of architectural monuments fragments that are distinguished by a set of special equipment. Theoretical and practical recommendations of designing of exposition are developed. The work is improved: the classification of methods of exhibiting of architectural monuments fragments; ways of using special equipment in the design of the exposition. The dissertation received further development: principles, requirements and practical measures for the organization of expositions of architectural monuments fragments and methodology of design. The methodology of the research, based on the system of approaches, principles and methods (general scientific and special), was developed in the work. In the study the system model of the exposition space was formed, in the structure of which was determined the place of design tools and on the basis of which further research was carried out. The objectivity of the research results is substantiated by the research methodology, as well as the large empirical base, which consists of 69 objects (located in 18 countries), analyzed according to the determined criteria of the natural and 7 objects, considered remotely, as well as 4 objects-analogues. The analysis of the research objects was also carried out according to general and special criteria. The general criteria include: location of the object; object size; restoration works that were carried out at the facility; way of exhibiting. Special criteria include: exhibition concept; spatial-compositional solution; corporate style and exposure identification; Exhibit furniture and equipment design; lighting design and colour exposure of exposures; design information support. The study identifies two groups of factors that affect the expositions: external (natural and climatic conditions, demographic and psycho-physiological factors, urban design, cultural factors, development of technologies and building materials, current legal framework) and internal (dimensions of fragments of architectural monuments, the value of fragments, the state of preservation of fragments). It is established that the definition of the conservation method of fragments is the basis for determining the methods of its expositions. The paper describes the classification of the methods of expositions. It is establishes that methods of conservation and the chosen method of exposure can determine the scientific and artistic concepts of the exposition. The peculiarities of formation of spatial organization of expositions are established. Thus, the spatial composition of the exposition is formed by a combination of exposure and transit zones whose geometry and size are determined by the method of exhibiting fragments, the scientific and artistic concept of the exposure, the number and characteristics of the exhibits, the available areas. The features of the use of special equipment and three main ways of designing expositions are determined. They are different in a set of special equipment: the minimum set, the optimum one, the expanded one. The principles and requirements for the designing of expositions are defined. The general principles include: the principle of integrity and integrity; the principle of scenic exposure; the principle of targeting diversification. Special principles include the principles of minimal interference in the architectural monument and the principle of the domination of a fragment in the exposition space. It is determined that in the organization of the exposition also presented such requirements as comfort, accessibility, safety. The technique of designing of expositions, which consists of five stages, is improved. Practical measures for the designing of expositions have been developed: providing safe conditions for exhibiting of architectural fragments, ensuring the dominance of architectural fragments in the design of the exposition, providing safe conditions for visitors, providing physical and informative accessibility of the exposure to all address groups of visitors, ensuring the equipment is matched to the exposed fragments, giving preference to the upper natural light and accent local locus for the rest of the century, ensuring the availability of graphic, material and virtual architectural monuments.