Формування архітектури сакральних комплексів під впливом суспільно-політичних процесів (на прикладі Тернопільської області)

Abstract

Дисертація присвячена процесу формування та розвитку сакральної архітектури Тернопільської області під впливом суспільно – політичних процесів. У дослідженні вперше комплексно проаналізовані історичні та соціальні передумови будівництва та розвитку культових споруд на території Тернопільської області в контексті розвитку європейської культури, досліджені етапи їх формування; визначені церковно-релігійні та конфесійні трансформації, які привели до змін в архітектурі сакральних комплексів; визначено роль сакральних центрів у процесах духовного та національного відродження України; проаналізовані сучасні храмові комплекси та визначена роль сучасних тернопільських архітекторів у процесі відродження храмового будівництва України; виокремлено суспільно-політичні процеси, які впливали на розвиток храмових комплексів. Висновки та положення дисертації відкривають шлях для подальших наукових пошуків у теорії архітектури та містобудуванні. Диссертация посвящена процессу формирования и развития сакральной архитектуры Тернопольской области под влиянием общественно - политических факторов. В исследовании впервые комплексно проанализированы исторические и социальные предпосылки строительства и развития культовых сооружений на территории Тернопольской области в контексте развития европейской культуры, исследованы этапы их формирования; определены церковно-религиозные и конфессиональные трансформации, которые привели к изменениям в архитектуре сакральных комплексов; определена роль сакральных центров в процессах духовного и национального возрождения Украины; проанализированы современные храмовые комплексы и определена роль современных тернопольских архитекторов в процессе возрождения храмового строительства Украины; выделены общественно-политические факторы, которые влияли на развитие храмовых комплексов. Выводы и положения диссертации открывают путь для дальнейших научных изысканий в теории архитектуры и градостроительстве. The thesis investigates the social and political processes that took place in the modern Ternopil region and their impact on the development of the architecture of sacred complexes. Political events in the history of Ukraine and the world led to the division of Ukrainian lands, including Ternopil. All historical periods are associated with special social and political factors that had a direct impact on the development of sacred architecture in Ternopil region. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the current events in Ukraine and in the world, exacerbation of social, political, national and cultural problems encourage further study of sacred architecture, which has a high degree of historical and cultural value and has had a significant impact on national history. Cultural development and art, it is a reflection of the history of development and worldview of society. With the proclamation of Ukraine's independence the revival of national culture began, restoration of existing and construction of new religious buildings, which continues today. New confessional transformations after the acquisition of the Tomos on Autocephaly for the Orthodox Church of Ukraine and the processes of ecumenism are forcing architects to continue the search for a modern national style in church architecture. Scientific novelty. In the thesis for the first time: historical and social preconditions for the construction and development of religious buildings in Ternopil region in the context of the development of European culture are comprehensively analyzed; church and religious and confessional transformations that led to changes in the architecture of sacred complexes are identified; the stages of formation and development of sacred objects in Ternopil region are investigated; the role of sacred centers in the processes of spiritual and national revival of Ukraine is determined; modern temple complexes are analyzed and the role of modern Ternopil architects in the process of revival of temple construction in Ukraine is determined; the social and political factors that influenced the development of temple complexes are singled out. The practical significance of the results. To analyze the problems of preservation and use of sacred resources of Ternopil region, an inventory of all sacred buildings and structures included in the register of national monuments of architecture and urban planning of Ukraine has been done, which allowed to update the archives of the Department of Cultural Heritage of Ternopil region. The study revealed such sacred complexes, which are not included in the list of architectural monuments, but are of exceptional importance for the history, culture and art of the region. Therefore, measurements were carried at the sites, drawings were made, temples were photographed, historical information was researched, and materials were transferred to the Department of Cultural Heritage Protection of Ternopil Region for the preparation of documentation for their certification and registration. In the first section is dedicated to the historiographical analysis of works, which showed the multifaceted nature of the dissertation, the disclosure of the scientific problem through the study of architecture, history of Ukraine, religion, theology. In the second section the concept of "sacred complex" is formulated and the concept of "social and political" processes and factors is outlined, the hypothesis is formed and a number of research tasks are defined. It is shown that the Ternopil region, which covers three historical and ethnographic regions: Western Podillya, part of Eastern Galicia and Southern Volhynia and at different historical stages was part of different states can be allocated for the study. The third section examines European history and culture that had a direct impact on all aspects of life in Western Ukraine. The fourth section analyzes the development of architecture of sacred complexes in modern Ternopil region. The fifth chapter examines the history of the development of the architectural complexes and large sacred centers in Ternopil region. The sixth chapter examines the development of architecture of sacred complexes in the Ternopil region in the recent period; The results of the dissertation research were used in the educational process in the training of specialists in art specialties during the study of the course "History of Art and Architecture". The research can be used in writing reference books, in the attribution of architectural works, in the research of the history of architecture, in the certification of urban and architectural monuments for inclusion in the state register of national cultural heritage. The scientific results of the research are published in 38 articles, including scientific professional publications of Ukraine, scientific periodicals of foreign countries and articles that reflect the approbation of research materials.