Перспективні напрями інвестування в українську економіку

Abstract

Проаналізовано сучасний стан, структуру та динаміку інвестиційної діяльності в Україні, виокремлено основні джерела надходження іноземних інвестицій, встановлено причини коливання обсягів іноземних інвестицій, визначено перспективні напрями інвестування в українську економіку. Хоча відбувся спад іноземних інвестицій в Україну, однак перспективи їх розвитку загалом обнадійливі. Для активізації іноземних інвестицій, крім припинення військових дій на Сході України, необхідно створити сприятливе бізнес-середовище для інвесторів, спростити процедури реєстрації та ведення бізнесу, скасувати застарілі регулятивні норми.

Investments play a significant role in the development of any country's economy. For the country, investment creates the following positive effects: modernization of production facilities and processes; increase in production volumes; increased competition; infrastructure development, etc. The purpose of the article is to analyze the structure of international investments in Ukraine and to form perspective directions for investing in the Ukrainian economy. Convenient geographical location, relatively cheap labor force, significant agricultural and raw materials resources contribute to attracting foreign investment to Ukraine. The current state, structure and dynamics of investment activity in Ukraine are analyzed, the main sources of foreign investment inflow are identified, causes of volatility of foreign investments are determined, perspective directions of investment in the Ukrainian economy are determined. According to the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, the largest share of foreign investments goes to industry, financial and insurance activities, wholesale and retail trade, real estate operations. The war has a significant negative impact on investment flows to Ukraine as a whole. The largest decline in investment in Ukraine occurred in 2015, after the outbreak of the armed conflict. However, in the following years there was no significant increase in investments due to the unstable political and economic situation. Corruption, lack of trust to the judiciary system, unpredictable exchange rates, volatile economic and political situations also cause a reduction in investment flows. But despite this, there are a number of businesses in Ukraine with high potential for investors. First of all, it is the agro-industrial complex, as well as production of agricultural machinery, aviation, alternative energy, information technologies. Although there has been a decline in foreign investment into Ukraine, the prospects for their development in general – are encouraging. In order to intensify foreign investment, in addition to the cessation of the war in the Eastearn Ukraine, it is necessary to create a favorable business environment for investors, simplify registration and business procedures, and remove outdated regulatory norms