Україна в рейтингах глобальної конкурентоспроможності

Abstract

“КСП країни” визначено як обумовлений міжнародним поділом праці, національними умовами та факторами виробництва, а також здатністю її товарів і послуг ефективно конкурувати на світових ринках nf її стан на цих ринках. На жаль, констатовано відносно низьку КСП України за індексами GCI та “World Competitiveness Yearbook” останніх років, навіть порівняно з найближчими сусідами. Для підвищення КСП необхідно забезпечувати адаптивність та гнучкість економіки на рівні підприємств, галузей, країни; формувати інноваційні екосистеми; сповідувати людиноцентричний підхід до економічного розвитку тощо.

In the XXI century we re-evaluate the role of human capital, education, science and the knowledge factor in the development of enterprises, regions and countries, as well as the enhancement of the economy / country competitiveness. These factors actualize the problem of defining the concept of “competitiveness of the country”, taking into account all those new meaningful characteristics that it has acquired in recent years within the framework of modern economic science. In recent years, this concept has become widely used and popular. Many foreign and Ukrainian scientists are actively working on its development. Providing competitiveness is a dynamic process that involves creating and maintaining competitive advantages that are designed to ensure a sustainable position with respect to other economic entities. The purpose of the article is to explore the global competitiveness of Ukraine using different approaches in order to enhance it. Objectives of the article: analyzing the concept of the country's competitiveness, evaluating the leading methods for determining the global competitiveness, highlighting Ukraine's position. “Сountry competitiveness” is defined as conditioned by the international division of labor, national conditions and factors of production, the ability of its goods and services to compete effectively in world markets, its status in these markets. The countries’ competitiveness are assessed by various international organizations. Unfortunately, the relatively low competitiveness of Ukraine according to GCI indices and World Competitiveness Yearbook in recent years was stated, even compared with its nearest neighbors. To improve the country competitiveness, it is necessary: to build an economy that is less dependent on external and internal shocks; to be flexible at the level of the country, industries, enterprises and individuals; to create innovative ecosystems; to profess human-centered approach to economic development, etc.