Співпраця закладу вищої освіти із бізнесом: принципові засади організування

Abstract

Розглянуто напрями та форми співпраці закладу вищої освіти із бізнесом. Узагальнено наявні бар’єри співпраці бізнесу та закладів вищої освіти. Сформовано теоретичний базис, який описує співпрацю закладів вищої освіти та бізнесу. До такого базису належить модель Г. Іцковіца, ланцюжок цінності за М. Портером та теорія стратегічних альянсів. Визначено інтереси закладу вищої освіти та бізнесу у їхній співпраці. Встановлено ресурси кожного з учасників такої співпраці. На основі задово- лення інтересів кожного з учасників співпраці із використанням ресурсу іншого учасника побудовано принципові засади організування співпраці закладу вищої освіти із бізнесом, до яких належить п’ять аспектів такої співпраці (комунікативний, змістовий, організаційний, контрольний, рефлексивний). Розкрито зміст кожного з аспектів, показано приклади та наслідки його відсутності.

Nowadays Ukrainian institutions of higher education face a significant number of problems: a drop in the number of students and university entrants, the low level of funding for higher education, outdated material resources, lagging behind scientific research, a slow pace of integration into the European and world intellectual space, etc. One of the possible directions of their solution is the establishment of cooperation between institutions of higher education and business structures on mutually beneficial terms. Such cooperation can be beneficial for both parties. For now, in such cooperation, there are many problems, however. There are even reasons to talk about the parallel existence of two interrelated but not interconnected sectors, that do not understand each other: business and higher education. Although it is obvious that such sectors not only depend on each other, but their interaction is an important condition for normalizing the national economic situation of any country. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the foundation of the cooperation of domestic higher education institutions and business structures; the foundation of such cooperation should be a theory of interaction. The idea of cooperation between domestic institutions of higher education and business structures is not fundamentally new. At least in the program documents of most domestic higher education institutions, this idea is actively supported. The construction of the fundamentals of organizing the cooperation of business and higher education institutions in Ukraine requires clarification of its content. It is proposed to use G. Itskovits’ model, M. Porter’s chain of added value and the concepts of the theory of strategic alliances. It is proved that the nature of cooperation between higher education institutions and business structures corresponds to the conditions for the creation of strategic alliances, and therefore appropriate concepts that explain the creation and functioning of alliances can be applied to explain the cooperation between higher education institutions and business structures. There are singled out sources of cooperation between higher education institutions and business structures. There are determined factors of the basic possibility of such cooperation: absence of conflict of interests, including those because of cooperation with competitors or probability of spreading confidential information; lack of regulatory restrictions on cooperation; preconditions for the satisfaction of each cooperation participant’s interests and balance between such interests. There are described interests of higher education institutions and business structures in cooperation. It has been explored that in each particular case of cooperation between higher education institutions and business structures, the combination of interests of participants may be different. Moreover, such a combination may change in time, as well as the degree of satisfaction of interests may change. But it is evident that in cooperation between a higher education institution and business structures, at least some interests of each party must be satisfied. When the number of satisfied participants' interests is greater, the participants’ concernment in the cooperation increases, too. There are singled out resources of cooperation between higher education institutions and business structures. There is constructed a model of organizing a cooperation between higher education institutions and business structures. The absence of interaction between the higher education institutions and business structures is classified by its aspects, as well as the corresponding consequences.