До точності кутових вимірювань цифровими теодолітами

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to formulate an experiment and study the feasibility of using permutations of the limb when measuring the angles by the method of circular techniques by digital theodolites (ET). Methodology. Measurement of horizontal angles in geodetic networks of condensation and engineering geodesic networks is carried out by the method of circular techniques with the number of directions more than two. It is important that the angles were measured in favorable conditions with calm images of visions or weakly shaken images. To date, many digital theodolites, mostly implemented in electronic metering stations (ETs), various manufacturers of the countries of the world, with different systems of determination of angular variables are issued. For the most part, digital theodolites (ETs) are divided precisely on the precision (with the angle of the angle <1'') and the exact ones (with an angle of angle up to 5''). The accuracy of the measurement depends on the effects of a number of errors, including: instrumental errors, operator errors and environmental errors. The transition from opto-mechanical theodolites to digital does not involve reducing the influence of instrumental errors or their complete elimination; therefore, the question arises of the expediency of measuring the angles from only one limb setting and how much it would be advisable to use limb permutations when measuring angles using circular techniques. With regard to instrumental errors, with the advent of digital theodolites (ET), their impact and the number did not become smaller, and the operator errors somewhat decreased, since the counting is carried out without his participation, automatically. Errors of the environment remain and their impact is difficult to reduce. Measurements of the digital part of the digital theodolite (ET) are automated, and the results are visualized on the display. The operator carries out the centering, installs the device in working condition and carries out the visage. Thus, there is the content to explore the feasibility of using the method of circular techniques when measuring the horizontal angles of digital theodolites (ET). Results. For the experiment, a number of the most common modern digital theodolites (ETs) of different manufacturers and modifications have been selected. Measurement was performed in two programs in six techniques. In total, for the seven digital theodolites (ET) horizontal angle measurements were performed, the analysis and evaluation of the accuracy of the obtained results, their normalization and correlation processing of the research results were performed. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Modern geodetic instruments, in particular digital theodolites (ET), today carry out tasks in many fields of geodesy, construction, economics and defense of countries. The main advantage of the use of modern digital theodolites (ET) is their high accuracy and the fact that they can perform the tasks in automatic or semi-automatic modes with minimal human participation in the control process. However, the results of measurements depend on the effect of errors, and especially on the instrumental ones. Therefore, increasing the accuracy of measuring the horizontal angles by digital theodolites by the method of circular techniques, proved in this study, is relevant.