Соціально-економічний розвиток туристичної інфраструктури

Abstract

У дисертаційній роботі набули подальшого розвитку теоретичні засади та методологічні підходи щодо удосконалення соціально-економічного оцінювання розвитку туристичної інфраструктури. Розвинуто сутність поняття «інфраструктура», котру доповнено ієрархічною структурою елементів, що дає змогу формувати теоретичну базу для подальшого аналізування туристичної інфраструктури та дослідження її впливу на соціально-економічний розвиток адміністративно-територіальних регіонів. Запропоновано методику оцінювання соціально-економічного розвитку, яка враховує вплив туристичного підприємництва та інфраструктури сфери туризму на динаміку соціально-економічних показників. Розвинуто класифікацію факторів, які впливають на динаміку розвитку туризму, а саме таких, як рівень оплати праці, динаміка безробіття, валовий продукт та інших. Набув подальшого розвитку методичний інструментарій визначення рівня вагомості впливу динаміки туристичних потоків на формування соціально-економічних чинників. Запропоновано прогностичну модель перспективної зміни соціально-економічного розвитку. В диссертационной работе получили дальнейшее развитие теоретические основы и методологические подходы по совершенствованию социально-экономической оценки развития туристической инфраструктуры. Развито сущность понятия «инфраструктура», которую дополнен иерархической структурой элементов, что позволяет формировать теоретическую базу для дальнейшего анализа туристической инфраструктуры и исследование ее влияния на социально-экономическое развитие административно-территориальных регионов. Предложена методика оценки социально-экономического развития, которая учитывает влияние туристического предпринимательства и инфраструктуры сферы туризма на динамику социально-экономических показателей. Развито классификацию факторов, влияющих на динамику развития туризма, а именно таких, как уровень оплаты труда, динамика безработицы, валовой продукт и других. Получил дальнейшее развитие методический инструментарий определения уровня значимости влияния динамики туристических потоков на формирование социально-экономических факторов. Предложено прогностическую модель перспективной изменения социально-экономического развития. The theoretical basics and methodological approaches to improve the social and economic assessment of development of the tourist infrastructure are further developed in the thesis. The essence of the concept of “infrastructure” is developed, which is supplemented by hierarchical structure of the elements, which allows to form a theoretical basis for further analysis of the tourist infrastructure and to study its impact on the social and economic development of administrative and territorial regions. A methodology for assessing social and economic development is proposed, which takes into account the impact of tourism and tourist infrastructure on dynamics of social and economic indicators. The classification of factors influencing dynamics of tourist development, namely, such as the level of wages, the dynamics of unemployment, gross product, the adoption of housing in operation and others, is developed, it is possible to determine the magnitude and direction of the influence of macroeconomic factors on the dynamics of tourist flows, development of domestic tourist infrastructure. Methodological tools for determining the level of significance of the influence of the dynamics of tourist flows on the formation of social and economic factors are further developed. A prognostic model of perspective change in social and economic development based on weighing the equations of trend lines for which a high correlation level is observed, is proposed. In the first chapter, economic essence of the concept of “social and economic development” is considered, and stimulating role of the tourist infrastructure for the purpose of further economic and social growth is determined, the conceptual foundations of formation of the tourist infrastructure in the system of ensuring social and economic developmentare revealed. The concept of “social and economic development” is clarified in the study in relation to various objects of application, in particular: at macro- and meso-level to characterize the country, regions or specific territorial administrative units (oblasts, cities, etc.). Taking into account common and distinctive features in the interpretation of the concept under study, the essential features are distinguished for the characteristics of development objects: structural, quantitative, dynamic and systemic. As a result of the study of literary sources, “infrastructure” is considered as a single integral system, which is based on the function of ensuring production and non-productive spheres of human activity in order to achieve the maximum possible economic effect, health and environment protection environment. The specificity of its self-sustainability is the long-term transfer of value to the results of economic activity. In the second chapter, current state of social and economic development on example of the Western region of Ukraine is analyzed, the status of tourist infrastructure and dynamics of indicators of tourism development are assessed, and the impact of tourist infrastructure on social and economic developmentis investigated. The analysis of the indicators of social and economic development indicated that the dynamics of the main parameters is differently stratified. This is due to the volatile political and economic situation, the depreciation of the national currency and the expansion of the processes of liberalization and globalization. The positive dynamics of development of the western oblasts of Ukraine is characterized by such indicators as the volume of direct foreign investments, the growth rate of regional product per capita, retail and wholesale trade, and the dynamics of acceptance into the operation of housing. Study has shown that the positive dynamics of macroeconomic indicators did not affect the standard of living of citizens. The level of remuneration remains lower than the average for Ukraine, and the share of the unemployed is higher. Although tourist flows are unstable, the development of tourist infrastructure remains a stable positive trend. The development of tourism has a positive effect on the social and economic status. As the analysis has shown, there is a high level of correlation between indicators of the efficiency of tourism sector and social and economic changes. Having grouped the indicators of social and economic development, which have the greatest influence on the dynamics of tourist flows, it was possible to find that industry, trade and construction sphere more depend on the dynamics of tourism development. The level of tourism development has almost no effect on unemployment, wages and foreign economic activity. In the third chapter, models of social and economic development scenarios are proposed, economic justification for development of tourist infrastructure is exemplified by the example of Eastern European countries, which were in similar starting conditions with Ukraine after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the leader in tourism development – Turkey. The forecast of social and economic development trend is developed on the example of western oblasts of Ukraine taking into account the dynamics of the tourist sphere. The work proposes a model for determining the dependence of a promising change of gross product on general tourist flows based on the weighing of trend line equations, for which there is a high correlation that allows predicting changes with high accuracy, taking into account optimistic, medium-expected and pessimistic scenarios. The methodical foundations of scenario planning are explored, the application of which will allow to predict possible course of events in the future, is based on taking into account changes in the social and economic environment. The primary application of the linear scenario is proposed, which involves studying direct influence of factors of the dynamics of process or phenomenon under consideration, and it is after each event, perhaps in the future, there is a ready solution, you can choose an alternative, each leading to a change in the state of the object of planning in a particular sector or in general in the economy.