Основні проблеми функціонування ПАТ “Укрзалізниця” та рекомендовані шляхи їх вирішення

Abstract

Розглянуто сучасний стан, основні ключові засади функціонування ПАТ “Укр-залізниця”, нововведення організації, які вплинули на стан галузі. Визначено головні проблеми функціонування підприємства, які необхідно кардинально вирішувати. Проаналізовано чинну тарифну систему та її основні недоліки. Рекомендовано застосувати нову тарифну систему, що передбачає відхід від трьох класів поділу тарифів і запровадження універсального тарифу. Проаналізовано специфіку залізничних перевезень у різних країнах, зокрема й в Україні. Запропоновано реалізацію проекту з оновлення транспортного складу “Укрзалізниці” на умовах оперативного лізингу та рекомендовано зміцнювати відносини з європейськими країнами задля залучення інвесторів. Рекомендовано модифікувати законодавчу базу щодо регулювання залізничного транспорту.

Railways nowadays remain the leading mode of transportation in Ukraine, providing more than 80 % of freight and around 50 % of passenger traffic. The monopolist – JSC “Ukrzaliznytsia” – has a huge impact on the economy of the state. Railways production and processing facilities form a complex infrastructure, which is based on the rail network that meets the national needs in transportation. Nowadays “Ukrzaliznytsia” unites five regional branches. Taking to account the scale and importance of the enterprise for the state, identifying the main problems of the sector and their solutions is extremely important. The article reviews the current state, basic core principles of “Ukrzaliznytsia” operation and innovation of the organization which have affected the industry. The basic problems of the enterprise are to be fundamentally addressed. The current railways tariff system and its main drawbacks are analyzed. It is recommended to apply the new tariff system, which provides three classes of tariffs and the introduction of a universal fare. Specificity of rail transport in different countries, including Ukraine, is analyzed. A project to upgrade the transport of “Ukrzaliznytsia” in terms of operational leasing is described. Strengthening of relations with European countries in order to attract investors is recommended. It is recommended to modify the legal framework for the regulation of rail transport. Rail transport in Ukraine has several problems, the main of which are the lack of investments in the renewal of fixed capital, low incentives to reduce operating costs, lack of competition, demolition of infrastructure, high social costs. Assessing the state of the railways, the government has stated the need to reform the entire system.The most significant problem is the tariffs increase, which have been changed by the Ministry each year. Overall, since 2010 tariffs have increased up to 2.3 times and cargo base fell by 28 %. Growth of rates is a normal situation, but only when it is transparent and reasonably predictable. An updated tariff system should: be transparent and predictable; provide insignificant changes in tariffs, in order not to cause the reduction of freight; changes to the rate should correspond with market conditions. To solve the problems of the industry active cooperation with the European Railway Agency (ERA) is highly recommended, in particular in order to find investors. “Ukrzaliznytsia” needs modernization and renewal, thus replacement of more than 20 thousand of wagons is proposed. To implement this, it would be reasonable to accept the offer for modernization of the American corporation “General Electric”.