Перспективні напрямки реновації верхніх поверхів багатоквартирних будинків

Abstract

У статті розглянуто основні напрямки організації верхніх поверхів багатоквартирних будинків та перспективи для міста за умови реконструкції дахових поверхів. На основі аналізу сучасних тенденцій вирішення верхніх поверхів багатоквартирних будинків, здійснених натурних обстежень, фотофіксацій у різних містах України та Європи у роботі подано рекомендації щодо функціонально різноманітного вирішення верхніх поверхів.

Lviv is a city with the highest building density compared to another regional centers and cities of Ukraine. Although the population decreases, the number of housing commissioned during 2014-2016 is much higher than in previous years and the demand for reconstruction and superstructure floors disappears. The problem is that variety of functional solutions to the upper floors is limited, also there is small to none interest in roof and upper floors from local authorities. However, the question is about how will look the concept of Lviv? What is the role of transformation of the upper floors and whose interests should be kept in mind? Today’s goal is not just to provide people with housing, but to improve, to work on urban environment so it will conform to modern architectural, environmental, economic and social requirements. Although a significant number of roof floors require professional repair, mass conversion of lofts for housing is not valuable without the general concept of residential development and understanding how roof landscape of the city will be. The problem is that most objects that tend to be reconstructed / adapted to new features are viewed in separation from the environment. Storeys structure, surrounding buildings, stylistic features are not taken into account. Bringing the upper floors to the general concept should be viewed from different angle and can’t be given in the hands of residents, whose uncontrolled actions or rather inaction can destroy everything preserved at the moment. Attic floor is seen solely as a source of increasing living space at our time. However, analysis of foreign experience of upper floors renovations allows to distinguish the following main trends: bringing all roof floors of historic buildings in to identical building parameters, reconstruction, superstructure, adaptation of attic floors for different functions (housing, apartment sharing, public institutions, terraces etc.), roof usage for building energy efficiency, environmental trends (green roofs, urban gardens, recreational areas, recycling of resources, etc.). So, if we will have practical implementation of these trends, Lviv can get a wide range of benefits in different areas: housing and utilities, economic, environmental, tourism, artistic and cultural, restoration. Number of lofts refurbished for housing by city residents indicates that building in vertical way is a natural step in the development of residential environment. But the arrangement of only housing in attic floors of apartment buildings is not enough to create a harmonious and contemporary environment. Active cooperation of experts, authorities and residents of the city, adopting positive foreign experience is the key to creating the general concept of updating fifth facade of the city.