Формування громадських просторів залізничних вокзальних комплексів малих та середніх міст

Abstract

Аналізуються тенденції розвитку громадських просторів у міському середовищі. Акцентується увага на тому, що простір вокзального комплексу – це платформа для взаємодії різноманітних учасників комунікаційного процесу. У непростих сучасних соціальних перетвореннях подібні платформи необхідні для обговорення будь-яких проблемних питань життя громади. Для малих та середніх міст такі простори потрібно розвивати у структурі залізничних вокзальних комплексів, які є зовнішніми брамами міста та символічно запрошують городян та гостей міста до суспільного діалогу. Окреслено особливості та параметри архітектурно-містобудівного формування залізнич- них вокзальних комплексів малих та середніх міст. In a broad sense public spaces as carriers of certain social relations reflect its community relationships, behaviors and active position and they are indicators of social development. Emotional stress in human relationships has increased at the difficult time of social changes in Ukraine. Internal migration and people mobility that has forced nature has increased. Many migrants are looking for their place in new places it is. Already known, that adaptation to the new community is a serious challenge not only for immigrants but also for city population. That is why it is important to determine the means, to neutralize negative effects of today’s upheavals and create the conditions to discuss urgent issues of the community in every city. The study found that public spaces is the territory of the city, which is the basis of human communication. In addition, the main feature of public spaces is its openness and accessibility to all citizens, regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, age or socio-economic level. Public spaces become centers of attraction and society concentration in difficult periods of social development. Public spaces of RSC of small and medium-sized cities can become a public platform for discussing and finding solutions to the key tasks of the city. Variously formed public spaces may have a different impact on social processes in the city. An important feature of the modern city is its level of self-identity and active position. In small towns community is united through greater interpersonal connectivity, psychological self-identification of each resident, fewer population. Currently, decentralization reform is conducted under the European Charter of Local Self-Government, which is a part of the law of Ukraine on local government. The goal is to ensure the ability of the city to solve matters of local significance itself, using its own resources. It is about empowering local communities with greater resources and mobilizing their internal resources. Among others, these reserves are their external transport hubs - railway station complexes, which are the centers of communication and mobility. For smaller cities where external connections can exceed intraurban, an external transport hub plays a key role in the city life and metabolism. Revealed that the communication potential of RSC and urban development potential of the city are making RSC of small and medium towns a city-forming element, and its public spaces an indicator of the city. Analyzed are urban criteria of the public space by the following characteristics: limitation, structure, periodicity of visits, functionality, location and traffic. Identified are parameters and characteristics of the architecture and building formation in the core structure, buffer and peripheral zones in RSC of small and medium towns. So comfortable public spaces of RSCs have positive impact on communication processes in the city and can improve business, tourist and cultural activities and increase the value of urban territories.