Філософсько-правова концепція української полемічної літератури

Abstract

Дисертація є першим у вітчизняній юридичній науці комплексним дослідженням філософсько-правової концепції в українському полемічному письменстві. Розкрито значення полемічної течії для подальшого державотворення, правотворення, розвитку філософії права. Визначено методологічні концепти праворозуміння в Україні у XVI–XVII ст. Охарактеризовано філософсько-правові ідеї представників братського руху, які належали до полемічної течії. Здійснено аналіз філософсько-правових концепцій полемістів Острозької академії. З'ясовано філософсько-правові ідеї полемістів Києво-Могилянської академії. Виокремлено основні філософсько-правові концепції в Україні у XVI–XVII ст. Виявлено підходи до розуміння полемістами основних онтологічних функцій позитивного права. Розкрито особливості природно-правового мислення філософів-полемістів та підходи до обґрунтування ними ідей соціальної рівності, національного визволення, демократії та патріотизму. Диссертация является первым в отечественной юридической науке комплексным исследованием философско-правовой концепции в украинской полемической литературе. Раскрыто значение полемического течения для дальнейшего государства, правотворчества, развития философии права. Определены методологические концепты правопонимания в Украине в XVI–XVII вв. Охарактеризованы философско-правовые идеи представителей братского движения, которые принадлежали к полемическому течению. Осуществлен анализ философско-правовых концепций полемистов Острожской академии. Выяснено философско-правовые идеи полемистов Киево-Могилянской академии. Выделены основные философско-правовые концепции в Украине в XVI–XVII вв. Выявлено подходы к пониманию полемистами основных онтологических функций позитивного права. Раскрыты особенности естественно-правового мышления философов-полемистов и подходы к обоснованию ими идей социального равенства, национального освобождения, демократии и патриотизма. The thesis gives complex research of philosophical and legal concepts in Ukrainian polemical writing. It also reveals the importance of further polemical flow state, law-making and the development of the philosophy of law. The methodological concepts of thinking in Ukraine in the XVI–XVII century are defined. The main determinants of methodological thinking concepts in Ukraine in XVI–XVII centuries were: natural law, metaphysics of law, legal anthropology, meta anthropology of law, canonical and legal methods of know-ledge, techniques to philosophy, philosophy of public thinking. Philosophical and legal ideas of brotherhood movement representatives who belonged to the polemical currents are characterized. Brothers developed the doctrine of natural law, anthropological and ontological and legal issues. The analysis of the philosophical and legal concepts polemicists of Ostroh Academy, including the idea of equality of all people, collective Church ruling, the epistemological problem of morality and law, anthropological approach to solving legal problems and axiological, ontological function of law. It was found philosophical and legal ideas of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy polemicists. The philosophical and legal concepts of Kyiv-Mohyla polemicists were focused mainly on the issue of anthropology and knowledge of God, and to build an ideal political system they appealed to human morality and spiritual law. State building and law-making processes were evaluated from two perspectives: 1) attraction to the old tradition of Kyiv Rus; 2) compliance to the progressive Western European ideals. It is determined basic philosophical and legal concepts in Ukraine in the XVI–XVII centuries: ideas about forms of government; views on social and legal rights; legal concept of national ideas; importance of Education for Ukrainian statehood; organization of church law relationships; canonical interpretation of legal norms; application of legal achievements brotherhood movement for Ukrainian society. There were different approaches to understanding the forms of government: some leaders supported the idea of democracy, others considered ideal enlightened monarchy in Ukraine. In the views of the right polemicist came to understanding of general social law as natural law. It is noted that the basic natural rights Ukrainian polemicist felt the right to life and full of life, the right to freedom of choice, freedom of conscience, speech, the right to peace, justice, marriage, equal rights amount for each person. In polemical treatises laid the foundation for the formation of a national idea. The prerequisite of this process is the formation of national identity and national identity. Through writing polemical works Ukrainian thinkers spoke in defense of the Ukrainian language and justified the need to form their own education system. Polemicists expressed democratic ideas on the principles of church relations. It is noted that for the philosophical and legal understanding of canonical relations in XVI–XVII centuries the main ideas were: the doctrine of incompatibility of earthly and heavenly peace and celestial world, opposing God and man; protection of religious and historical traditions of Ukrainians as a condition for preserving their national identity, and derived from this study orthodox interpretation of the Trinity dogma to protect religious independence. For the implementation of the philosophical and legal polemicists ideas a big role played the brotherhood and their representatives. These democratic organizations fulfill a number of political and social functions and embody the ideal of progressive social institution whose purpose is to work for the good of society and the state. It is determined that polemical writings reflected ontological and axiological aspect of natural law thinking of the polemicists. The ontological aspect was aimed at the concept of law, equality and social justice. Axiological aspect associated with the assessment opportunities of positive law to consolidate and to ensure natural and law norms. It is discovered polemicist approaches to understanding of fundamental ontological functions of positive law, which include: ensuring implementation of natural law norms and personal rights, the protection of language and culture. Positive legal norms must constantly evolve according to the cultural updates. The features of natural law thinking of philosophers polemicists and the approaches to substantiate their ideas of social equality, national liberation, democracy and patriotism are discovered.