Обґрунтування та вибір оптимальних схем механізмів фінансування неприбуткових проектів

Abstract

Досліджено особливості різних механізмів та схем фінансування неприбуткових проектів, визначено пріоритетні сфери їхнього застосування. Враховуючи запропонований підхід до поділу неприбуткових проектів, розроблено економічну модель, яка використовується для вибору оптимальних схем залучення коштів та механізмів фінансування з орієнтацією на критерій максимуму фінансових та немонетарних вигод бенефіціантів у розрахунку на одиницю витрат, пов’язаних із реалізацією проекту. The article highlights various features of mechanisms and schemes of non-profit projects financing (sponsorships, donation, government support, preferential loans, co-financing, in particular, the participation of beneficiaries) and identifies priority areas of their application. The study of various schemes of non-profit projects financing gives grounds for establishing their best fields of application: public financial support in solving socially important problems is a necessary tool for the realization of state social policy; donation and sponsorship are effective for projects with relatively small scale and projects whose themes coincide with the priority values of the donor whether the strategy of the sponsor; mechanism of preferential loans is used for projects related to providing energy saving, ecology and protection of the environment, improving the high qua life; multi-channel financing is effective for large non-profit projects in various sectors of the economy, governance, environment, health, social security, public safety. Due to the study we proposed our own approach to a wide variety of non-profit projects grouping: projects whose implementation provides an income sufficient for full or partial cost compensation; projects that reduce costs of beneficiaries for the purchase of socially important goods and services; projects that result only in non-monetary benefits. Based on the proposed approach of non-profit projects grouping, there was developed an economic model that helps to select the best fundraising schemes and funding mechanisms with a focus on the criterion of maximum benefits per unit costs associated with the project. The model takes into consideration financial and non-financial benefits and costs of all beneficiaries and participants, using resources from different sources (own funds of the state, business and the “third sector”, the resources involved in non-repayable basis, loans). The application of the model makes it possible to determine the main parameters of multichannel financing schemes: the share of costs of each participant, periods and procedures of expenses and income, the marginal cost of financial resources etc. Practical implementation of the model requires the solution of two problems: monetary evaluation of non-financial benefits and the social discount rate determination.