Рівні та типи дискурсу глобальної політики

Abstract

Аналізується дискурс глобальної політики як її “тексту”, його змісту і особливостей, складових. В основу праці покладено адаптацію ідей про дискурс Р. Барта, М. Фуко, Т. ван Дейка до глобальної політики. Стверджується, що дискурс як “мова” глобальної політики опосередковує і формує уявлення про це явище – як наукові, так і повсякденні, містить усю наявну інформацію про нього. Цей дискурс формується структурою “мови” глобальної політики і її соціальним контекстом, а також когнітивними схемами індивідів, які сприймають інформацію, їх “суперструктурами”. The article analyzes the discourse of global politics as “text” and “language” of its content and features along with its components. The work is based on the ideas of R. Barthes, M. Foucault and T. Van Dijk on the discourse concerning global politics. Discourse as “language” of global politics is considered to create certain apprehension about the0 phenomenon in both aspects: scientific and casual. Moreover, it contains all the necessary information. This discourse is shaped through the structure of global politics “language”, its social context and cognitive schemas of individuals who perceive information about global politics, their “superstructures” in other words. S. Huntington marks that languages of former imperialistic powers (e. g., English, Chinese, French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian ones) are the most significant for formation of the “global” discourse of “World Politics”.. The discourse of global politics is based on separate texts which exist as autonomous objects. The philosophers, historians, culturologists, political scientists and representatives of other social and humanitarian sciences describe those and other texts about “Global Politics” as the product of certain subjects (individuals) created under special social conditions and in a certain cultural and historical situation. In the broad sense, the discourse of global politics appears to be implemented in stereotypical vision of global public opinion and its sources such as global media and communication. This discourse, in the narrow sense, is the reflection of global politics in the context of scientific and philosophical discourses about it. The discourses are aimed at investigation through social and humanitarian methods, philosophy, as well as realizing, exploring, and understanding of its essence. According to the terminology by R. Barthes, there are such kinds of elements of the global politics discourse as its reflexive consecutive interpretation of “meta” global policy which, in its turn, can be defined as an artificial symbolic description of an object: 1) scientific, 2) philosophical, 3) ideological (mythological) discourses. All those types of the “metalanguage” discourse are similar and interconnected, but not identical. Each of those types of discourse is built according to its “genre” by usual standard procedure, “superstructure” (according to the terminology of T. Van Dijk).