Оцінювання інноваційного розвитку машинобудівних підприємств за допомогою методології виробничих функцій

Abstract

Досліджуються питання можливості використання методології виробничих функцій під час економічного оцінювання інноваційності розвитку машинобудівних підприємств. Вплив науково-технічного прогресу проявляється у тому, що на заміну старої технології приходить нова. А оскільки технологія описується виробничими функціями, то послідовними змінами функцій можна дослідити і вплив науково-технічного прогресу. Особливістю такого застосування є використання класичних методів виробничих функцій на мікрорівні – окреме підприємство. The rapid changes in science and technology determine the need for innovative models of development of Ukrainian machine-building enterprises. But in the economic literature on evaluation and modeling of innovative development at the enterprise level is not open. This is because the simulation of scientific and technological progress is mainly engaged in the study of macroeconomic processes. Therefore it is extremely important to the development of innovative assessment methods for modeling of microeconomic processes, ie for the study of individual enterprise. The first model of the innovative type of evaluation was proposed R. Solou. According to this model the main factors of economic growth (savings rate, the growth rate of scientific and technological progress and population) were evaluated separately (empirically) and included as individual performance. This line of research evaluating innovative development in the economic literature called “theory of exogenous development." Improving the efficiency of economic systems under the “theory of exogenous development” does not depend on the growth of investment and the number of labor involved, and is a separate independent process. That such a process is autonomous and called “independent (neutral) scientific and technical process.” Traditionally considered three types of neutrality by Hicks, Harrod and Solow. Simulation neutral conditions of scientific and technological progress by Hicks, Harrod and Solow compared consist of two businesses - a benchmark the existing and new (innovative). Since all of these kinds of scientific and that for this type of enterprise-level match situation where, along with conditional existing enterprise (unit shop), which correspond to the output indicators established new (typical for areas where it is not possible to stop the production process). Thus, in the article the possibility of using the methodology of production functions for modeling microeconomic processes, including scientific and technical progress for Hicks. Undoubtedly, these models are a significant contribution to economic theory. However, it is inherent one drawback that is inherent in all production methodology funk¬tsiy - they do not establish the link between the cost of resources and the result (profit). These are classic models to describe the economy in which businesses operate for productive activities as such, that is making the necessary products to make a profit without purpose (characteristic of plannedadministrative economy). While further research is necessary to apply adequate economic models that meet the real development of economic systems. Such a development is most relevant innovative development of manufacturing process, which suggested Kalecki.