Проблеми побудови національної та регіональних інноваційних систем

Abstract

На основі поглядів Івана Франка щодо поступу запропоновано методологію побудови національної та регіональних інноваційних систем. Запропоновано моделі інноваційного процесу, інноваційної структури національної та регіональних інноваційної системи. Проаналізовано складові інноваційних систем, зокрема: структури, що виробляють макроекономічну інноваційну політику; структури, спрямовані на забезпечення суб’єктів інноваційної діяльності нематеріальними ресурсами; структури, спрямовані на забезпечення інноваційної діяльності матеріальними ресурсами з державних та ринкових джерел. The views of Ivan Franko, his all life, his writers and scientific activity were oriented on the progress of a man, a family, a society, his country and his nation to the good. Progress was, the central category, around which Ivan Franko’s outlook was formed in his youth and also, with some caution, in his maturity. Progress to the good was, so to say, the main strategic aim of his life, that penetrates into his all scientific and creative activity. Entirety and systematization of his views are most of all seen in the progress. Even being young, he analysed and studied the views of other thinkers on the progress. The work “Thoughts about the evolution in the history of mankind” can be a good example here. It was published in the magazine “Swit” in 1881-1882. Ivan Franko’s titanic work formed his view on the progress. His poem-strategy “Anthem” (more known as “Eternal Revolutioner”), that was written in 1880 and published for the first time in 1882, can be a persuading and original fact of his striving for progress. The aim of investigation of this article is an attempt of up-to-date usage of Ivan Franko’s views for the developing some methodology of forming the ways of beneficent progress according to the system “a man – a family – a society – a country – a nation”, formulated by Ivan Franko. Beneficial progress of Ukraine is located in Franko’s system “science – trade – an item – goods”, which is nowadays transformed into innovation model of Ukraine’s development. Historic materials from the funds of the Central State Historic Archives of Ukraine in Lviv (CSHA of Ukraine in Lviv) and from other archives were used for studying this article. Certain methodology of forming national and regional innovation system was suggested on the basic of Franko’s views on the progress. The main parts of innovation systems were analysed, for example, structures, that form macroeconomic innovation policy, structures, aimed at supplying subjects of innovation activity with non-material resources; structures, that take part directly in the process of creating commercialization and practical usage of new knowledge; structures, aimed at providing innovation activity with material resources from state and market sources; structures, that enforce integrative processes in the conditions of globalization. The following words of Ivan Franko were especially analysed, that “Human science tries to get together all the achievements of mankind since ancient times, check them by people’s mind and by testing, taking from them experience for the future, preserving all, that is precious and interesting and to save next generations from the ruins and mistakes, that were earlier.” Here we can make a conclusion, that it is the innovation model of Ukraine’s development, that can provide its progress to the good and its stable development. It must be noted, that innovation activity in all spheres of human activity and problems of managing it in Ukraine must also become an object of scientific exploration. On the basis of this material we can make the following conclusions: the system of Franko’s views on the progress is farseeing, we can really consider him a prophet in the progress to the good. The methodology, suggested on the basis of Franko’s views on the progress and his methodology of building our national system can help in forming Ukraine’s innovation system.