Особливості розвитку колористики сільського житла Галичини (друга пол. ХІХ ст. – поч. ХХІ ст.)

Abstract

У дисертації розглянуто колористику архітектурно-просторового середовища сільського житла Галичини другої пол. ХІХ – поч. ХХІ ст. Проаналізовано колористичні утворення предметно-просторового середовища етнографічних районів досліджуваної території. Розглянуті етапи розвитку сільського житло будівництва на території Галичини, які були пов'язані з змінами в політичному, соціально-економічному та культурному житті. Проведений порівняльний аналіз колористик сільського житла різних етнографічних зон та областей з суміжними районами України. Розглянуті фактори, що впливають на формування колористики архітектурно-предметного середовища народного житла досліджуваної території та особливості і тенденції змін колористики сільського житла Галичини.В диссертации рассмотрены колористка архитектурно-пространственной среды народного жилища Галичины конца ХІХ - начала ХХІ ст. Проанализированы колористические образования предметно-пространственной среды этнографических районов исследуемой территории. Рассмотренные новые этапы развития строительства сельского жилья на территории Галичины, которые были связаны с изменениями в политической, социально-экономической и культурной жизни. Проведен сравнительный анализ колористик сельского жилья разных этнографических зон и областей с другими районами Украины. Рассмотрены факторы, которые влияют на формирование колористки архитектурно-предметной среды народного жилья исследуемой территории, особенности и тенденции изменений колористки сельского жилья Галичина.The thesis covers the coloristics of architectural and spatial surroundings of the rural dwellings in Halychyna of the second half of the 19th c. – the beginning of the 21st c. Now, when in modern residential architecture of the village the tradition of applying local building materials of natural origin such as woods, stone, clay, straw, shingles has been lost, we are becoming the witnesses of “chromatic intervention” of synthetic materials. There arises the problem of visual “colour” disharmony in architectural and spatial surroundings as well as natural environment. If in urban localities colour is applied for the sake of space accentuation and visual diversification of artificially created surroundings, the situation is different in the country. Each ethnographic area has created its own coloristics, composition and texture in decoration of buildings, utility objects, clothing, characteristic of it only. As a rule, it was primarily connected with social and economic processes as well as natural geographical conditions: climate and landscape, which surround people. That is a coloristics, composition, texture, which have been elaborated under the influence of different conditions, constituted the response of residents, and they are optimal for the area. The use of local building materials, uniqueness of devices applied in constructive solution, planning and means of polychromatic and decorative ornamentation of rural dwellings has to a certain extent contributed to the formation of harmonious architectural surroundings. Under the influence of these factors colour solutions for the architectural surroundings in the people’s construction of Ukraine have been formed as a harmonious polychromatic system. Colour solutions for architectural objects are becoming a particularly topical problem now that in the market there appear a great number of easily accessible high-quality synthetic pigmental materials. The peculiarities of the development of rural dwelling coloristics in Halychyna traced in the course of this research will enable to consciously interpret architectural-colouristic achievements in the process of formation of surroundings which would be well-balanced from the point of view of coloristics and would preserve the features of national uniqueness. In this research colouristic formations of object-spatial surroundings of ethnographic areas on the territory under research have been analyzed. The stages of development of rural housing construction development on the territory of Halychyna, which were related to the changes in the political, social and economic as well as cultural life, have been considered. Comparative analysis of the coloristics of rural dwellings in different ethnographic areas and regions with adjacent areas of Ukraine has been conducted. The factors influencing coloristics formation in the architectural-object surroundings of people’s dwellings on the territory under research as well as peculiarities and tendencies in the changes of rural dwelling coloristics in Halychyna have been considered. Subject of research – peculiarities of the development of traditional coloristics of rural housing construction in Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil regions of Ukraine in the second half of the 19th – 21st c. Object of research – coloristics of rural housing construction in Halychyna in the second half of the 19th – 21st c. Aim of research – identification of traditional colour palettes, their further development and transformation in the rural dwelling architecture in Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Ternopil regions of Ukraine (historical Halychyna).