Спецслужби у системі міжнародних відносин

Abstract

Зроблено комплексний аналіз функціонування спецслужб у системі міжнародних відносин; досліджено історію їх становлення та розвитку; проаналізовано тенденції розвитку вітчизняних структур розвідувальних органів, їх нормативно-правове забезпечення; виявлено низку проблем, які існують у системі українських латентних структур; обґрунтовано необхідність реформування структур та створення механізмів демократичного контролю за діяльністю спецслужб. Functioning of special services in international relations is comprehensively analyses. The history of formation and development of intelligence services is examined. It has been revealed that even in the times of Antiquity and the Middle Ages monarchs used the so-called informants who supplied the necessary information. In foreign relations the function of obtaining information about the power of a neighboring state belonged to messengers. The trends in domestic structures of intelligence agencies and their regulatory support are analyzed; a number of problems that exist in the system of Ukrainian latent structures are revealed; the necessity of reforming the structures and creating mechanisms of democratic control over intelligence activity is justified. The activities of special services, which carry out intelligence work, largely determine the dynamics of international politics. Besides, the role of the intelligence structures within internal and external orientation is identical. The realities of Ukrainian-Russian relations cause a fundamental reform in the Ukrainian intelligence services at all levels. The experience of Ukrainian politicians in 2010–2014 shows that functioning of special state organs did not meet the requirements of a modern democratic society. The systems of carrying out democratic control may differ. Today there is no single model of democratic control over special services activity, but among all these models functional approach prevails. The process of reforming special services is quite complex and ambiguous because of the specifics of their activity. Further research should be focused on a thorough study of all the aspects of special services functioning and a comparative analysis of the information about special services, which is in the public domain. The study of the leading world special services experience should contribute to the birth of a new security system in Ukraine.