Політична міфотворчість як технологія впливу на суспільну свідомість

Abstract

Проаналізована сутність політичних міфів, їх структура та функції. Охарактеризовано особливості міфологічної свідомості як живильної основи для впровадження технологічних міфів. Визначено політичну міфотворчість як ефективну технологію, яку використовують сучасні українські політики для отримання влади і яка виконує деструктивну роль. The article analyzes the essence of political myths. They are considered to be a simplified model of the political sphere perception that does not involve a critical understanding of reality. The author describes the structural components of political myths (value, cognitive, social, emotional and evaluative and symbolic) and their basic functions. The peculiarities of mythological consciousness are characterised as a field for technological myths introduction . The author defines the modern political myths in Ukrainian society, they are «the image of the hero», «enemy image», «moral politician», «European integration», «NATO membership», «freedom of speech», «Eastern Slavic fraternal peoples». The political myth making is analyzed as an effective technology used by political leaders for achieving power. The influence of political myths is connected with the well developed citizen`s mythological consciousness, that is why myths are so popular among political leaders in Ukraine. In fact, modern political myths simplify reality and play on the emotions of citizens, deceiving them, backing off the development of rational thinking. There are some technologies of the creation and updating of myths which are used in Ukrainian society in particular. They include repetition of positive events in Ukraine; creating an illusory reality; manipulation features of national character, mentality and they are used when the politician needs it. In the process of constructing myths game on contrasts, antagonisms are used. The main idea is that political myth-making helps the power create neccessary pattern for citizens` behavior, socio-political climate, improve planned stereotypes of consciousness, attitudes, values (justice, statism, paternalistic attitudes). The author emphasises that myths serve as an additional tool to legitimize power, creating the illusion of citizens involvement in the political process and openness to dialogue between the power and public.