Військово-політична тактика і стратегія ОУН у 1939–1941 рр.

Abstract

Аналізуються складні та суперечливі стосунки Організації Українських Націона- лістів і Німеччини на початку Другої світової війни, формування військово-політичної доктрини та геополітичної стратегії ОУН у боротьбі за самостійну Українську державу. The analyses difficult and contradictory relations between Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and Germany at the beginning of the Second world war, formation of military-political doctrine and OUN’s geopolitical strategy during struggle for the independent Ukrainian state. Dramatic events of the beginning of the Second world war came always into the notice of society. However, some of them need clarification and detailed study up to this time. I issues related to the evolution of relations of Ukrainian nationalistic movement and military policy of Organization of the Ukrainian nationalists during September 1939 to 1941, belong to actual questions of research. When Germany planned to transform Ukraine into the colony, OUN searched for the ways of Ukrainian regular military powers renewal, which wanted to direct for nation and state revival. To the beginning of the Second world war, the leaders of Ukrainian nationalistic movement were predisposed to orientate on Germany, as, in fact, Germanywas interested in change of European political map. Only conflict between Germany and Poland, and in a prospect with the main enemy – USSR – gave the Ukrainian people a hope to revive the independent state with all Ukrainian ethnic lands. Attitude of OUN toward nazi Germany was based on external nationally political plans and was an ordinary conception, directed to find favourable forces in the world and eventual allies. At the beginning of the Second world war relations between Ukrainian nationalistic movement and Germany were situational, undergoing permanent changes depending on a geopolitical situation. They passed an evolution from collaboration in military sphere to complete imperception of nazi ideology and secret struggle against Germany. Nonrandomly, that on a turning point of 1941–1942 the nazi organs of safety came to the conclusion that except of Bandera’s OUN, Ukraine has no organization of resistance that would be able to cause a serious danger. In relations between OUN and nazi Germany the point is about the typical example of episodic and brief tactical collaboration of both sides, strategic aims of which were fundamentally different. The question is about preparing of common tactic of actions, advantageous in a certain situation both for OUN and Germans. At the beginning of the Second world war OUN was oriented on Germany, as it was the political opponent of USSR. However OUN’s leaders tried to operate and determine their own position under any circumstances, proceeding from the national interests, and to use all of the favourable geopolitical circumstances for achievement of own strategic and tactical purpose – renewal of the Ukrainian statehood and defence of it by a national army. Today is obvious, that in 1939–1941 years there were no objective conditions for formation of the Ukrainian independent state, however. undoubtedly, that OUN’s military-political activity was based on aspiration of the Ukrainian people to get the independence and defined the new stage of national liberation struggle for the Ukrainian independence. Despite of that this attempt suffered a defeat, it played a ponderable role in the awareness of considerable part of Ukrainian society about the importance of existence of the national state and necessity of its defending both in political and in military struggle.