Конвенції ЮНЕСКО як базова складова національної системи правового регулювання пам’яткоохоронної діяльності: понятійно-термінологічний аспект

Abstract

На основі порівняння норм конвенцій ЮНЕСКО, які ратифікувала Україна, та національного законодавства проаналізовано особливості застосування базових понять пам’яткоохоронної сфери у конвенціях ЮНЕСКО та національному законодавстві, здійснено спробу встановити їхню ієрархію, запропоновано способи подолання розбіжностей під час використання існуючого понятійно-термінологічного апарату. On the basis of analysis of conventions of UNESCO and Ukrainian legislation in the article the comparative analysis of features of application of base concepts of maintenance of monuments is carried out in an international law and national legislation, their hierarchy is set, the methods of overcoming of divergences are offered at the use of existent conceptterminological vehicle. In the legislation of Ukraine essence of most concepts and terms is almost identically represented in the field of maintenance of monuments. An unique term “pamiatka”, that has miscellaneous interpretation national legislation, is however used. His use requires an additional scientific ground and concordance in the environment of specialists of maintenance of monuments business. Under a term “pamiatka” the author of the article understands cultural values, as objects of material and spiritual cultural heritage, that have an artistic, historical, ethnographic, scientific and aesthetic value and subject to maintenance, recreation and guard in accordance with legislation. Analyzing the features of application of base concepts of maintenance of monuments absence strikes the eyes in the national legislation of concept “object of non-material cultural heritage”, that does impossible development of mechanism of maintenance, recreation and defense of spiritual culture. Similar is a situation with a concept “values of natural inheritance”, but, having regard to more perfect state of national legislation in the field of maintenance of nature, it is possible to assert that such objects are under cover of the state. Undoubtedly, the Ukrainian legislation in relation to maintenance of cultural values needs sound perfection, that must take place on the basis of cooperation of specialists on maintenance of monuments, legislators, representatives of public authorities and public.