Антикризове управління фінансами банків на прикладі ПАТ “БРОКБІЗНЕСБАНК”

Abstract

Розглянуто особливості антикризового управління фінансами на прикладі ПАТ “БРОКБІЗНЕСБАНК”. Метою статті є розкриття сутності та особливостей здійснення антикризового управління фінансами банківської установи. Проаналізовано підходи вітчизняних та зарубіжних дослідників до трактування поняття “антикризове управління” та на цій основі виокремлено підхід, котрий, на думку авторів, якнайповніше та об’єктивніше розкриває сутність та значення цього поняття. Окрім цього, виокремлено як особливості антикризового управління загалом, так і особливості антикризового управління банком зокрема. Проаналізовано та виокремлено основні проблеми антикризового управління у банківській сфері, а також запропоновано заходи антикризового управління проблемними банківськими активами. Запропоновані заходи антикризового управління у банківській сфері було застосовано діяльності ПАТ “БРОКБІЗНЕСБАНК” та визначено економічний ефект від їх можливого впровадження. Для цього було розраховано показник внутрішньої ставки генерування капіталу до і після проведення рекомендованих антикризових заходів у діяльність ПАТ “БРОКБІЗНЕСБАНК”. Для підтвердження об’єктивності очікуваних результатів від впровадження антикризових заходів у діяльність ПАТ “БРОКБІЗНЕСБАНК” було розраховано фактичний та очікуваний рівень ймовірності його банкрутства. The economic and financial crisis in Ukraine today increasingly exacerbate the situation of all entities both enterprises of different scales and insurance companies, credit unions, investment funds, banks and so on. Functioning of the economy of any country can not be imagined without efficient banking system. Banks deeply penetrate into the sphere of production and actively influence the economic and social processes in the country. For a long period of banking institutions activity has been unstable and it gets worse every year. The main destabilizing element of home banks is their liquidity, which decreases each passing day, causing panic among the population, which in turn leads to an outflow of deposits from the banking system. Also, banks have significant challenges associated with managing their problem assets. All these destabilizing factors negatively affect the financial stability of individual banks and the banking system as a whole. In addition, the crisis leads to a reduction of the number of jobs and, consequently, deprive people of livelihood. That is why particularly relevant today there are anti-crisis measures, which will be used to stabilize the economic situation in the country and to improve the financial stability of banks and other entities. The purpose of this article is to outline the nature and features of anti-crisis management financial banking institutions to develop specific anti-crisis measures of management distressed bank assets and to them to the activity of PJSC "Brokbiznesbank". To date, no consensus among scientists about the nature of anti-crisis management has not happened. In particular, they have different definitions of essence of anti-crisis management bank. Thus, O. Dzyublyuk, Yu.Rebryk, I. Blank consider anti-crisis management as a process, whereas V. Kovalenko, A. Kruhmal, V. Shpachuk, W. Wolf, M.Bas understand it as a set of activities. However, despite this, both a process and a set of measures are aimed at preventing, monitoring and recovery. Anti-crisis management in foreign literature is mainly considered as external control, that is to involve crisis management professionals from abroad, while home scholars emphasize its external and internal components. In V.I.Kostohryz’s opinion, there are three types of anti-crisis management: pre-crisis; management in times of crisis; management processes to overcome the crisis, each of which can be carried out both by internal and external experts. Thus, the bank anti-crisis management can be defined as a set of tools and measures of the legal, organizational and financial nature, which are aimed to identify and prevent crises in the bank's activities, restoration of its liquidity, solvency, competitive position. Analysis of home and foreign literature showed a wide range of factors destabilizing the banking sector, highlighted by scientists and allowed to distinguish their own, ones including the following: deterioration in asset quality, particularly increase of the share of "nonperforming" assets, reducing of emergency bank liquidity, significant costs of banking institutions directly concerning both their operations and functioning of the administrative apparatus, neglecting qualitative assessment of the creditworthiness of bank borrowers, late NBU reaction to banks loss of their solvency, increase of banks systemic risk. To improve the financial condition and remove it from the crisis we suggest the following measures: to change the repayment provisions of problem loans, the sale of bad loans, carring out the bank capitalization, restructuring of its assets and liabilities. Primary role in anti-crisis management plays a banks troubled asset management. The most effective and efficient management can ensure the stability and reliability of both the first and the second levels of the banking system of Ukraine. Thus, in modern economic conditions the anti-crisis bank management system effects essentially the restoration of financial firmness and solvency of both every individual bank and the stability and effectiveness of Ukrainian banking system function in whole. The perspective direction of future investigation will be the distinction of anti-crisis management factors of bank finances and working out means of their elimination.